Sunscreen Buyer's Guide: Finding Your Formula
This guide provides shopping guidance only—not medical advice. This is not a guide to sun safety or skin cancer prevention. For health concerns, consult a dermatologist or healthcare professional.
Sunscreen Basics
Sunscreen is one of the most-recommended skincare products across the board. Understanding the different types can help you find one you'll actually want to use every day.
Mineral vs. Chemical: What's the Difference?
Mineral (Physical) Sunscreen
Active ingredients: Zinc oxide, titanium dioxide
How it works: Sits on skin surface and reflects/scatters UV rays
Pros:
- Generally well-tolerated by sensitive skin
- Works immediately upon application
- Reef-safe options available
- Less likely to sting eyes
Cons:
- Can leave white cast
- May feel thicker or heavier
- Can be harder to blend
Chemical Sunscreen
Active ingredients: Avobenzone, homosalate, octinoxate, oxybenzone, etc.
How it works: Absorbs UV rays and converts them to heat
Pros:
- Typically more lightweight
- No white cast
- Easier to blend
- Often works better under makeup
Cons:
- May irritate sensitive skin
- Needs ~15 minutes to become effective
- Some ingredients are restricted in certain areas
Understanding SPF
SPF (Sun Protection Factor) measures protection against UVB rays. Here's what the numbers mean:
- SPF 15: Blocks ~93% of UVB rays
- SPF 30: Blocks ~97% of UVB rays
- SPF 50: Blocks ~98% of UVB rays
- SPF 100: Blocks ~99% of UVB rays
Most dermatologists recommend SPF 30 or higher. Higher numbers provide marginally more protection, but no sunscreen blocks 100% of UV rays. Proper application and reapplication matter more than chasing higher SPF numbers.
Broad Spectrum Protection
SPF only measures UVB protection. For UVA protection, look for "broad spectrum" on the label. UVA rays penetrate deeper into skin and are present year-round, even on cloudy days and through windows.
Sunscreen Formats
- Lotions/creams: Most common; good for dry or normal skin
- Gels: Lightweight; often preferred for oily skin
- Sprays: Convenient for body; may require more careful application on face
- Sticks: Portable; good for reapplication and around eyes
- Powders: Good for touch-ups over makeup; may not provide as thorough coverage as primary protection
Finding Your Formula
For Sensitive Skin
Consider mineral sunscreens with zinc oxide and/or titanium dioxide. Look for fragrance-free options and avoid oxybenzone and avobenzone if you've had reactions to chemical sunscreens. For a complete approach to caring for reactive skin, see our sensitive skin routine guide.
For Oily or Acne-Prone Skin
Look for oil-free, non-comedogenic formulas. Gel textures and mattifying finishes can help control shine. Some sunscreens are formulated specifically for acne-prone skin—our acne-prone skincare guide covers more tips for building a full routine.
For Darker Skin Tones
White cast from mineral sunscreens can be challenging. Options include: tinted mineral sunscreens, chemical sunscreens (which don't leave white cast), or mineral sunscreens with micronized/nano zinc oxide that blend better.
For Under Makeup
Look for lightweight, quick-absorbing formulas. Some sunscreens double as primers. Tinted sunscreens can replace or supplement foundation.
For Outdoor Activities
Water-resistant formulas last longer during sweating or swimming. Note that "water-resistant" means it maintains SPF for 40-80 minutes in water—you still need to reapply.
Application Tips
- Amount matters: For face, about 1/4 teaspoon or a nickel-sized amount
- Don't forget: Ears, neck, chest, hands—any exposed skin
- Reapply: Every 2 hours, or after swimming/sweating
- Year-round: UV rays are present in all seasons
- With other products: Sunscreen goes on last in skincare, before makeup
Where to Shop
These retailers and brands offer a variety of sunscreen options:
Frequently Asked Questions
What's the difference between mineral and chemical sunscreen?
Mineral sunscreens (also called physical sunscreens) use zinc oxide and/or titanium dioxide to sit on top of skin and reflect UV rays. Chemical sunscreens use ingredients like avobenzone, octinoxate, or homosalate that absorb UV rays and convert them to heat. Both provide protection when used correctly.
What SPF should I use?
Dermatologists generally recommend SPF 30 or higher for daily use. SPF 30 blocks about 97% of UVB rays, while SPF 50 blocks about 98%. The difference seems small, but can matter for extended sun exposure. More important than high SPF numbers is applying enough product and reapplying regularly.
Do I need to wear sunscreen every day?
Most dermatologists recommend daily sunscreen on exposed skin, even on cloudy days and in winter. UV rays can penetrate clouds and windows. If you're using certain skincare ingredients like retinoids or acids, daily sunscreen is especially important as these can increase sun sensitivity.
Why does mineral sunscreen leave a white cast?
Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are naturally white minerals. Many mineral sunscreens leave a white or grayish tint, especially on darker skin tones. Tinted mineral sunscreens add iron oxides to help blend better with various skin tones while also providing some visible light protection.
Need Help Finding Sunscreen?
Our AI Concierge can help you find a sunscreen based on your skin type, texture preferences, and budget.
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